印度／亚洲碰撞——南北向和东西向拆离构造与现代喜马拉雅造山机制再讨论   总被引：20，自引：4，他引：20  

许志琴杨经绥  戚学祥崔军文李海兵  陈方远 《地质通报》2006,25(1):1-14

印度/亚洲碰撞形成的喜马拉雅增生地体由特提斯-喜马拉雅(THM)、高喜马拉雅(GHM)、低喜马拉雅(LHM)和次喜马拉雅(SHM)亚地体组成.通过喜马拉雅增生地体中变质基底和盖层的组成、变质演化、变形机制与形成时代的对比,确定高喜马拉雅(GHM)亚地体北缘的藏南拆离断裂(STD)向北延伸于特提斯-喜马拉雅(THM)亚地体之下,与形成在大于650℃温度、具有自南向北剪切滑移性质的康马-拉轨岗日拆离带(KLD)相连,深部地壳局部熔融、物质上涌造成的花岗岩侵位,使康马-拉轨岗日拆离带隆起,形成康马-拉轨岗日穹隆带.在高喜马拉雅(GHM)亚地体北部(普兰-吉隆-聂拉木-亚东一带)的变质基底与盖层之间发现EW向近水平的高喜马拉雅韧性拆离构造(GHD),以发育EW向拉伸线理、缓倾的糜棱面理及具有自西向东水平滑移为特征;而在GHM南部靠近主中央冲断裂(MCT)北侧发育具有挤压转换性质的韧性走滑-逆冲断层.高喜马拉雅亚地体从南到北具有由逆冲→斜向逆冲→EW向伸展→斜向伸展→SN向伸展的连续变形和转换的特征,是在现代喜马拉雅垂向挤出和侧向挤出的耦合造山机制下综合变形的响应.喜马拉雅地体中的东西向和南北向拆离构造的存在为喜马拉雅现代造山机制再讨论提供了基础.  相似文献   

华池油田长3₃低渗油藏流动单元研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘延莉  柳益群  邱春光  樊太亮  阎林 《沉积与特提斯地质》2006,26(3):51-55

流动单元的研究,其目的在于对油藏的非均质性有进一步的认识,为提高油藏描述的精度提供依据。本文根据流动单元的理论,选取适合该区实际的参数,应用聚类判别分析的方法,对华池油田陇东地区长33低渗储层进行分类研究,并且分析各类流动单元的特征及其控制因素,得出结论:该区储层可分为三类流动单元,各类流动单元的判别公式,不同的类型在动态、静态上有不同的表现;其分布的差异,宏观上受沉积微相的控制,微观上受成岩作用、岩石自身储集空间特征的限制。  相似文献   

关于水资源总量计算的探讨     

段乔文  李林涛  俞富有  何继永 《地质灾害与环境保护》2006,17(3):14-16

一个地区的水资源量,相对来说无论是地表水资源还是地下水资源均处于相对动态平衡之中。天然状态下,水资源总量等于地表水径流量与地下水天然排泄量之和,再减去地下水枯月天然排泄量(即地下水恒转化为河川基流量的部分)。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构和新生代热体制   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

刘绍文  王良书  李成  张鹏  李华 《地质学报》2006,80(3):344-350

塔里木盆地是我国特大型沉积盆地,也是“西气东输”工程的重要战略基地。利用盆地区大量的地温及岩石热物性参数并结合地热学知识分析了塔里木盆地的现代地温场、热演化和岩石圈热-流变学结构,并进一步讨论了地热场和岩石圈性质对成盆、成烃和成藏的意义。研究结果表明塔里木盆地现今平均大地热流为45mW/m2,平均地温梯度为18~20℃/km;整体上具有低温冷盆的特征。地温场的展布具有明显的横向差异,不同构造单元的地温场特征相差较大:坳陷部位具有较低的地温,隆起区具有较高的地热特征。热演化模拟表明盆地自成盆以来经历了从震旦纪—奥陶纪高热流(“热”盆)、志留纪—晚古生代热衰减(“热”盆向“冷”盆过渡)、中生代稳定的热演化(低热流“冷”盆阶段)、新生代岩石圈挠曲热演化等阶段。“热”岩石圈厚度为205~230km,有效弹性厚度(Te)达66±7km,脆-韧性转换深度为25~28km,岩石圈总强度为1.6×1013~7.8×1013N/m。盆地区的岩石圈表现为地温低、强度高的刚性块体,具有整体变形特征。受印度-欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应影响,塔里木盆地作为刚性块体进行应力传递,盆地周边产生强烈变形,表现山脉的急剧隆升和盆地边缘的快速挠曲沉降。这一动力学过程造成地层内部流体趋于流向山前隆起带,并对油气成藏和分布具有重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

龙门山国家地质公园飞来峰成因的新证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周自隆  阮明德 《地质论评》2006,52(4):501-509

近来发现四川彭州（原称彭县）、什邡一带的飞来峰是第四纪冰川作用形成的。笔者等在塘坝子、葛仙山等飞来峰的底界及周边，多次发现飞来峰是压在早更新世的冰水堆积层之上。葛仙山北寨门、丁家湾，什邡大垭口等剖面的地质现象，充分说明塘坝子、葛仙山等飞来峰是第四纪中更新世时“飞”来，压盖上去的。同时可见飞来峰与第四系之间是“冷接触”，找不到确切的断层证据。笔者等还用现有的区域地质调查资料及新的地质成果，编制了1：10万更新世时的彭县至汶川的地质剖面图，并设想了冰雪层掩盖情况。那时岷江尚未剥蚀下切，按现在标高计的5000m处，即在光光山、太子城之上约1000m的“天”上。当时应在该处出露的石炭系-二叠系石灰岩，就是塘坝子、葛仙山飞来峰的根部。塘坝子、葛仙山就是从那里被冰川作用剪切、从母体分离的石灰岩，滑动、随冰川固体流，滑移到彭县来的。笔者还从理论上阐述了塘坝子、尖峰顶、天台山等如此巨大的山体，能被冰川作用拔起、挖掉、推走的原因和根据。从而解释了飞来峰“飞”行的过程。顺理成章，合乎自然，揭开了飞来峰之迷。  相似文献   

金沙江美姑河牛牛坝水电站库区泥石流对工程影响分析   总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14  

唐川  黄润秋  黄达  张伟峰 《工程地质学报》2006,14(2):145-151

金沙江美姑河牛牛坝水电站库区泥石流沟分布面积广、发生频率高;调查表明库区现有不同类型泥石流沟31条,其中属于高度危险的泥石流沟4条,中度危险的泥石流沟15条;这些泥石流不会造成严重的堵河问题。在施工期泥石流对水电站工程的影响突出,特别是靠近库首的泥石流对工程的安全构成威胁。水库蓄水后,库区泥石流对水电站工程影响有所降低,但位于大坝下游区的泥石流对水电站正常运行仍有较大的影响。  相似文献   

Design of Inclined Covers with Capillary Barrier Effect     

Serge-Étienne Parent  Alexandre Cabral 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(3):689-710

A design procedure is proposed to minimize water infiltration into landfills by optimizing the water diversion length of inclined covers with capillary barrier effect (CCBE). This design procedure is based on a conceptual, mathematical and numerical approach and aims at selecting materials and optimizing layer thickness. Selection among candidate materials is made based on their hydraulic conductivity functions and on a threshold infiltration rate imposed on the designer. The capillary break layer (CBL; bottom layer) is characterized by a weak capillarity, while the moisture retention layer (MRL; upper layer) is characterized by a compromise between strong capillarity and high hydraulic conductivity. The thickness of the CBL corresponds to the height where suction reaches its maximum value for a given infiltration rate. This height can be calculated using the Kisch [Géotechnique 9 (1959)] model. The optimal thickness of the MRL is determined by applying an adaptation of the Ross [Water Resources Research 26 (1990)] model. The results obtained using the proposed design procedure were compared to those obtained from numerical simulations performed using a finite element unsaturated seepage software. The procedure was applied for two cover systems; one where deinking by-products (DBP) were used as MRL and sand as CBL and another where sand was used as MRL and gravel as CBL. Using this procedure, it has been shown that an infiltration control system composed of thin layers of sand over gravel is highly efficient in terms of diversion length and that its efficiency can be enhanced by placing a hydraulic barrier – such as a layer of DBP – above the MRL.  相似文献   

The Alcamayo and Cedrobamba catastrophic debris flow (January, March and April 2004) in Machupicchu area—Peru     

Raúl Carreño C.  Susana Kalafatovich C. 《Landslides》2006,3(1):79-83

A debris flow originating from the Alcamayo River on 10th April 2004 destroyed a part of the town of Aguas Calientes, resulting in 11 victims, and with serious affects to the tourist flow to the Machupicchu inka citadel. On the same day, as well as in January and March 2004, other similar phenomena occurred on the Cedrobamba and Leonchayoq Rivers, affecting the railway and an electrical tower, and disrupting the train service.  相似文献   

Assessment of Marine Clay Improvement Under Reclamation Fills by in-situ Testing Methods     

A. Arulrajah  H. Nikraz  M. W. Bo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(2):219-226

In ground improvement projects with prefabricated vertical drains, the duration of the preloading period is set in advance based on the predetermined time rate of consolidation of the compressible layer. If prediction is accurately done, the required degree of consolidation is met at the pre-determined preloading time. As such, there is a requirement for in-situ tests to be carried out just prior to the removal of surcharge to assess the degree of consolidation of the improved ground. In-situ tests were carried out after 23 months of surcharge loading at the In-Situ Test Site within the Changi East Reclamation Project in the Republic of Singapore. In-situ testing works in this research study comprises the use of field vane shear, piezocone, flat dilatometer and self-boring pressuremeter. The in-situ tests were carried out to determine the shear strength and degree of consolidation of the Singapore marine clay at Changi after 23 months of surcharge loading. The In-Situ Test Site consisted of a Vertical Drain Area as well as an untreated Control Area. Both areas were located adjacent to each other and were surcharged simultaneously to the same level and surcharge left in place for a period of 23 months. Comparison was made between the in-situ test results of the Vertical Drain Area and the untreated Control Area.  相似文献   

2D Self-Potential tomographies for studying groundwater flows in the Varco d''Izzo landslide (Basilicata, southern Italy)     

G. Colangelo  V. Lapenna  A. Perrone  S. Piscitelli  L. Telesca 《Engineering Geology》2006,88(3-4):274-286

A geoelectrical monitoring activity has been carried out to improve the geological and hydrogeological knowledge about the Varco d'Izzo landslide (Potenza, Basilicata, Southern Apennine, Italy), an active rotational–translational slide evolved in earth-flow. In this work we have focused on the Self-Potential (SP) method by applying three different SP measuring techniques and combining modern technologies for data acquisition and new methods for tomographic inversion. A SP map and three static SP tomographies have been carried out to better analyse the groundwater circulation system and to better reconstruct the geometry of the landslide body. In the accumulation zone, which is the area more exposed to the geomorphological activity, a new SP measuring strategy has been applied. This strategy, based on time-continuous 2D SP tomographies, helps identify water flow changes in subsurface by studying the time series of SP tomographic images. The analysis of time-dependent changes of water infiltration in near surface is the key to better understand the hydrogeological processes underlying the ground instability phenomena. The time-lapse analysis of tomographic images has allowed us not only to investigate the correlation between the temporal changes of SP signals and rainfall events, but also to quantify the range of these changes. The modification of the distribution of the SP source accumulation zones is associated with the dynamics of the groundwater flows. These preliminary results allow us to consider the SP tomographic method as a tool for geophysical monitoring of landslide areas and encourage to develop new measuring systems for near-real time applications.  相似文献